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Carotenoids, vitamin A, and tocopherols serve important roles in many key body functions. However, availability of these compounds may be decreased in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) due to decreased oral intake of fruits and vegetables and/or decreased intestinal absorption. Little information is available on serum concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin A, and tocopherols during chronic...
We investigated the effect of supplementation with the dipeptide L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP) and a solution containing L-glutamine and L-alanine, both in the free form, on the plasma and tissue concentrations of glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione (GSH) in rats subjected to long-duration exercise.Rats were subjected to sessions of swim training. Twenty-one days before sacrifice, the animals were...
Our objective was to assess the nutritional status and health care use of community-dwelling elderly before hospitalization and determine risk factors for longer hospitalizations during 3 mo of follow-up.During a 1-y period, we recruited patients 65 y and older admitted to an internal medicine ward at Soroka Medical Center (Beer-Sheva, Israel). Data were obtained regarding health and nutritional status...
Although essential to many vital processes, iron catalyzes reactions that produce reactive oxygen species, which are associated with the increased risk of non-communicable chronic diseases and precocious aging. This study investigated whether ferritin, hemoglobin concentration, and dietary iron consumption are related to oxidative stress biomarkers in adults.Data were collected from 134 allegedly...
Naturally occurring phytochemicals display an active cancer preventive strategy to inhibit, delay, or reverse human carcinogenesis. Studies have indicated that certain daily-consumed dietary phytochemicals have cancer protective effects mediated by carcinogens. Lipid peroxide plays a detrimental role in all cancers including skin carcinogenesis. Garlic, a phytochemical, has acquired a special position...
To determine concordance with the New American Plate guideline that no more than one-third of one's plate be covered with foods of animal origin in Guatemalan schoolchildren.Dietary intake data collected with a 24-h pictorial diary in a convenience sample of 449 third- and fourth-grade schoolchildren were inspected. The weights of animal and vegetable items in each meal were calculated with respect...
The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a commercially available milk containing small amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, oleic acid, and vitamins A, B6, D, E, and folic acid compared with semi-skimmed and skimmed milk in volunteers with moderate cardiovascular risk.Two hundred ninety-seven subjects 25 to 65 y of age with moderate cardiovascular risk...
There are few reports about the direct toxic effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the liver. We investigated oxidative and nitrosative stresses and apoptotic and necrotic changes in the liver of rats fed a high-methionine (HM) diet (2%, w/w) for 6 mo. We also investigated whether taurine, an antioxidant amino acid, is protective against an HM-diet–induced toxicity in the liver.Lipid peroxide levels,...
Our aim was to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at high-fat (HF) levels on parameters related to triacylglycerol (TG) regulation and some potential impacts on liver damage.Growing mice were fed a control diet (7% corn oil), an HF diet containing 20% corn oil, or an HF diet containing 3% CLA (HF + CLA) for 30 d. Tissue and organ weights, plasma and tissue TG levels,...
This study specifically assessed plasma retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), an inflammatory marker, in young healthy women, with emphasis on its potential relations to dietary intake and lifestyle features.Seventy-four women with a mean age of 20.5 ± 2.5 y and body mass index of 21.3 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 were enrolled. Anthropometric, blood pressure, glucose, lipid profile, RBP4, and insulin concentrations...
Cell proliferation rates represent a central element in the promotional phase of carcinogenesis. Modified alternate-day fasting (ADF), i.e., a partial 24-h fast alternated with 24-h ad libitum feeding, reduces global cell proliferation rates on a low-fat (LF) diet. Because the majority of Americans consume a diet that is high in fat, testing the antiproliferative ability of ADF on a high-fat (HF)...
The interaction between vitamin A and iron status has been widely reported; however, the exact mechanism involved in this interaction has not been well characterized. The present study investigated the mechanism involved in tissue iron accumulation and changes in the oxidative status in vitamin A–deficient rats.Rats were treated with a control diet, a vitamin A–deficient diet, or a vitamin A/iron-deficient...
Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), isoquercitrin with malto-oligosaccharides, has been recognized as “generally recognized as safe” by the Flavor and Extracts Manufacturers Association in the United States since 2003. The long-term antiatherogenic effect of EMIQ was examined using apolipoprotein E (apoE)–deficient atherogenic mice.Male apoE-deficient mice (6 wk old) were fed with a high-fat...
EGb761 is a well-defined mixture of active compounds extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves with neuroprotective effects in an animal model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + ). Because copper has been implicated in Parkinson's disease, we investigated whether the protective effect of EGb761 in MPP + neurotoxicity is related to the regulation of copper...
Malnutrition and continuous systemic inflammation occur frequently in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Visfatin is a new adipokine, which increases in some inflammatory diseases. Its plasma level and relation with nutritional status and inflammation in COPD remain unknown. This study compared visfatin levels, nutritional status, and inflammation markers in patients with...
We tested in mice the hypothesis that ingestion of infusions of green tea, white tea, or the aromatic plant Pelargonium purpureum increases total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma and organs.Twenty-five mice were randomly assigned to five groups, each of which received by gavage 0.1 mL of infusion from green tea, white tea, or P. purpureum (8 g/100 mL of water) or catechin (0.01 g/100 mL) or water...
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